Why Does Acne Happen in the First Place?

Understanding why acne develops is the first step toward choosing the right treatment. Acne is rarely caused by just one factor—it’s usually the result of multiple internal and external triggers working together. Below are the most common causes of acne.

1. Excess Oil (Sebum) Production

Overactive oil glands clog pores and create the perfect environment for breakouts.

2. Clogged Pores

Dead skin cells, excess oil, and impurities block the pores, leading to whiteheads and blackheads.

3. Bacterial Overgrowth

The acne-causing bacteria C. acnes grows inside clogged pores, causing inflammation and pus-filled pimples.

4. Hormonal Imbalance

Fluctuations in hormones—especially during puberty, periods, PCOS, pregnancy, or stress—can increase oil production and trigger deep, painful acne.

5. Stress & Lifestyle Factors

Lack of sleep, poor diet, high stress levels, and irregular routines can worsen acne and slow healing.

6. Heavy Skincare or Makeup Products

Comedogenic (pore-clogging) products can block pores and lead to recurring breakouts.

7. Genetics

If acne runs in your family, you may be more prone to persistent or severe breakouts.

Dermatologists always start by identifying the root cause of acne before recommending treatment. Treating acne without understanding why it’s happening is like trying to cover a leak with tape—it may help temporarily, but the problem keeps coming back.

Topical Acne Treatments: The First Step for Most Acne Cases

For mild to moderate acne, dermatologists usually begin with topical (applied-on-skin) treatments. These target clogged pores, inflammation, bacteria, and excess oil.

Retinoids (Tretinoin, Adapalene)

• Unclog pores

• Reduce whiteheads & blackheads

• Prevent future acne

• Fade marks over time

Retinoids are considered the gold standard for acne because they target multiple causes at once.

Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)

• Kills acne-causing bacteria

• Reduces inflammation

• Works quickly on fresh breakouts

Often available in gels and face washes.

Salicylic Acid (BHA)

• Exfoliates inside pores

• Reduces oil

• Clears whiteheads & blackheads

Perfect for oily, acne-prone skin.

Clindamycin or Other Topical Antibiotics

• Reduce bacterial infection

• Usually combined with retinoids or benzoyl peroxide

Dermatologists avoid using topical antibiotics alone to prevent resistance.

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Oral Medications for Moderate to Severe Acne

When acne is persistent, painful, hormonal, or widespread, dermatologists may recommend oral treatments.

Oral Antibiotics

• Reduce bacteria

• Calm inflammation

• Helpful for cystic acne

Used only for short durations for safety.

Oral Retinoids (Isotretinoin)

The most powerful and long-term acne treatment. Prescribed for:

• Severe acne

• Frequent cysts

• Acne unresponsive to other treatments

• Recurring breakouts

Isotretinoin shrinks oil glands, prevents clogged pores, reduces bacteria, and offers long-term remission.

Hormonal Treatments (For Women)

Best for acne related to menstrual cycles or PCOS. Includes:

• Birth control pills

• Anti-androgen medications

These help control hormone-driven breakouts.

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In-Clinic Dermatology Procedures for Faster Results

Dermatologists often combine oral or topical medications with skincare procedures for better, quicker improvement.

Chemical Peels

Light chemical peels with salicylic acid, glycolic acid, or lactic acid:

• Reduce active acne

• Lighten marks

• Improve skin texture

Usually done in multiple sessions.

Comedone Extraction

Safely removes blackheads and whiteheads—never attempt squeezing at home.

Laser or Light Therapies

Help reduce:

• Acne-causing bacteria

• Redness and inflammation

Great for painful, inflamed breakouts.

MNRF or Microneedling (Post-Acne)

These treatments do not treat active acne—they are recommended later for acne scars.

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Dermatologist-Recommended Skincare Routine

A supportive skincare routine is essential for acne improvement. Dermatologists advise:

• Gentle, non-comedogenic cleanser

• Oil-free moisturizer

• Daily sunscreen

• Avoiding too many active ingredients at once

• Avoiding heavy oils and pore-clogging makeup

Healthy habits—like reducing stress, sleeping well, keeping pillowcases clean, and eating balanced meals—also support acne healing.

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Which Acne Treatment Works Best?

Dermatologists don’t rely on one universal treatment. The best plan depends on:

• Acne type

• Severity

• Skin type

• Medical history

• Tendency to scar

• Duration of acne

For Whiteheads & Blackheads

• Retinoids

• Salicylic acid

• Chemical peels

• Comedone extraction

For Red, Inflamed Pimples (Papules & Pustules)

• Benzoyl peroxide

• Short-term oral antibiotics

• Retinoids

• Light therapies

For Hormonal Acne

• Oral medication

• Hormonal therapy

• Retinoids

• Specific chemical peels

For Severe, Deep Cystic Acne

• Oral isotretinoin (most effective long-term option)

This is why consulting a dermatologist is important—they create a personalized treatment plan based on your exact skin concerns. Many patients seek the best dermatologist in South Delhi for customized acne solutions that deliver visible results.

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How Long Does Acne Treatment Take to Work?

• 4–6 weeks: Initial results

• 8–12 weeks: Significant improvement

• 3–6 months: Best results for stubborn or hormonal acne

Acne treatment requires patience and consistency, but results are worth the wait.

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Can Acne Be Cured Permanently?

Acne can be controlled long-term, and many people achieve clear skin. However, triggers such as:

• Hormones

• Stress

• Lifestyle

• Skincare habits

• Genetics

can cause new breakouts.

With the right dermatologist-guided routine, acne becomes much easier to manage.

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Conclusion

Acne can be frustrating—especially when multiple products fail. But dermatologist-approved treatments offer real, lasting improvement. With the right combination of medicines, skincare, and professional procedures, clear, healthy skin is achievable.

If you’re unsure where to begin or are dealing with stubborn breakouts, consulting a qualified dermatologist is the most effective step.